Birth of the Olympian Gods and Goddesses

Birth of the Olympian Gods and Goddesses How did the world start according to your worldview? Was there a sudden cosmic spark emerging from nowhere? Did life then emerge from some sort of almost living form? Did a supreme being create the world in seven days and form the first woman from the rib of the first (male) human? Was there a great swirling chaos from which emerged a frost giant and a salt-licking cow? A cosmic egg? Greek mythology contains creation stories that are very different from either the familiar story of Adam and Eve or the Big Bang. In Greek myths about the early world, themes of parental treachery alternate with tales of filial betrayal. Youll also find love and loyalty. There are all the essentials of good plot lines. Birth and cosmic creation are linked. Mountains and other physical parts of the world are born through procreation. Granted, it is procreation between things that we dont think of as procreating, but this is an ancient version and part of the ancient mythological worldview.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. Parental Treachery: In Generation 1, the sky (Uranus), who is seemingly without any love at all for his offspring (or maybe he just wants his wife all to himself), hides his children inside his wife, Mother Earth (Gaia).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. Filial Betrayal: In Generation 2, the Titan father (Cronus) swallows his children, the newborn Olympians. In Generation 3, the Olympic gods and goddesses have learned from the examples of their ancestors, so there is more parental treachery:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Zeus swallows one mate and sews the soon-to-be born offspring of another inside himself after he kills the mother.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hera, the wife of Zeus, creates a god without a mate, but even he isnt safe from his parents, for Hera (or Zeus) hurls her son from Mt. Olympus. 1st Generation Generation implies a coming into being, so that which was there from the beginning is not and cannot be generated. What has always been there, whether it be a god or a primeval force (here, Chaos), is not the first generation. If for convenience, it requires a number, it can be referred to as Generation Zero. Even the first generation here gets a bit tricky if examined too closely since it could be said to cover 3 generations, but thats not terribly relevant for this look at parents (particularly, fathers) and their treacherous relations with their children. According to some versions of Greek mythology, at the beginning of the universe, there was Chaos. Chaos was all alone [Hesiod Theog. l.116], but soon Gaia (Earth) appeared. Without the benefit of a sexual partner, Gaia gave birth to Uranus (Sky) to provide covering and father half-siblings. With Uranus serving as the father, mother Gaia gave birth to the 50-headed Hecatonchiresthe Cyclopes (Cyclops)the 12 Titans 2nd Generation Eventually, the 12 Titans paired off, male and female: Cronus and RheaIapetus and ThemisOceanus and TethysHyperion and TheiaCrius and MnemosyneCoeus and Phoebe They produced rivers and springs, second generation Titans, Atlas and Prometheus, moon (Selene), sun (Helios), and many others. Much earlier, before the Titans had paired off, their father, Uranus, who was hateful and rightly fearful that one of his sons might overthrow him, shut all his children inside his wife, their Mother Earth (Gaia). And he used to hide them all away in a secret place of Earth so soon as each was born, and would not suffer them to come up into the light: and Heaven rejoiced in his evil doing. But vast Earth groaned within, being straitened, and she made the element of grey flint and shaped a great sickle, and told her plan to her dear sons. - Hesiod Theogony, which is all about the generation of gods. Another version comes from 1.1.4 Apollodorus*, who says Gaia was angry because Uranus had thrown his first children, the Cyclopes, into Tartarus. [See, I told you there was love; here, maternal.] At any rate, Gaia was angry with her husband for imprisoning their children either within her or in Tartarus, and she wanted her children released. Cronus, the dutiful son, agreed to do the dirty work: he used that flint sickle to castrate his father, rendering him impotent (without power). 3rd Generation Then the Titan Cronus, with his sister Rhea as a wife, sired six children. These were the Olympic gods and goddesses: HestiaHeraDemeterPoseidonHadesZeus Cursed by his father (Uranus), the Titan Cronus was afraid of his own children. After all, he knew how violent he had been towards his father. He knew better than to repeat the mistakes his father had made in leaving himself vulnerable, so instead of imprisoning his children in his wifes body (or Tartarus), Cronus swallowed them. Like her mother Earth (Gaia) before her, Rhea wanted her children to be free. With the help of her parents (Uranus and Gaia), she figured out how to defeat her husband. When it was time to give birth to Zeus, Rhea did it in secret. Cronus knew she was due and asked for the new baby to swallow. Instead of feeding him Zeus, Rhea substituted a stone. (No one said the Titans were intellectual giants.) Zeus matured safely until he was old enough to force his father to regurgitate his five siblings (Hades, Poseidon, Demeter, Hera, and Hestia). As G.S. Kirk points out in The Nature of Greek Myths, with the oral rebirth of his brothers and sisters, Zeus, once the youngest, became the oldest. At any rate, even if the regurgitation-reversal doesnt persuade you that Zeus could claim to be the oldest, he became the leader of the gods on snow-capped Mt. Olympus. 4th Generation Zeus, a first generation Olympian (although in the third generation since the creation), was father to the following second generation Olympians, put together from various accounts: AthenaAphroditeAresApolloArtemisDionysusHermesHephaestusPersephone The list of Olympians contains 12 gods and goddesses, but their identities vary. Hestia and Demeter, entitled to spots on Olympus, sometimes surrender their seats. Parents of Aphrodite and Hephaestus Although they may have been Zeus children, the lineage of 2 second-generation Olympians is in question: Some claim Aphrodite (goddess of love and beauty) sprang from the foam and severed genitals of Uranus. Homer refers to Aphrodite as the daughter of Dione and Zeus.Some (including Hesiod in the introductory quote) claim Hera as the sole parent of Hephaestus, the lame blacksmith god. But Zeus himself gave birth from his own head to bright-eyed Tritogeneia (29), the awful, the strife-stirring, the host-leader, the unwearying, the queen, who delights in tumults and wars and battles. But Hera without union with Zeus for she was very angry and quarreled with her mate bare famous Hephaestus, who is skilled in crafts more than all the sons of Heaven.-Hesiod Theogony 924ff It is interesting, but to my knowledge insignificant, that these two Olympians who had uncertain parentage married. Zeus as Parent Many of Zeus liaisons were unusual; for instance, he disguised himself as a cuckoo bird to seduce Hera. Two of his children were born in a manner he might have learned from his father or grandfather; that is, like his father Cronus, Zeus swallowed not only the child but the mother Metis while she was pregnant. When the fetus had fully formed, Zeus gave birth to their daughter Athena. Lacking the proper feminine apparatus, he gave birth through his head. After Zeus had frightened or burned his mistress Semele to death, but before she was completely incinerated, Zeus removed the fetus of Dionysus from her womb and sewed it into his thigh where the wine god-to-be developed until ready for rebirth. *Apollodorus, a 2nd Century B.C. Greek scholar, wrote a Chronicles and On the Gods, but the reference here is to the Bibliotheca or Library, which is falsely attributed to him.

Garbology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Garbology - Essay Example Personally, my refuse pinpoints my shopping trends, the types of food I consume, my budget and expenditure, what types of food I eat on a regular basis, the number of people involved, and my concern for the environment. Essentially, I think I am regular shopper but not to the extent of being termed shopaholic. Most of my daily refuse comprise of shopping bags that I get from the store every time I shop. In fact, for every discarded trash, there is a shopping bag. In this respect, I think I prefer shopping regularly than just shopping once or twice a week. This means that I do not shop in bulk, thus the every-now-and-then trashing of shopping refuse. Food consumption can tell so much about me. Over the observation period, most of my refuse comprised of ready-made food stuff. Raw kitchen refuse was minimal, while ready-made food remains were quite substantial. I think I prefer buying take-away food to actual cooking, an aspect that my garbage essentially reflects. With regard to budgeting and expenditure, I think I am a high-scale spender. My budget hardly conforms to my expenditure plan, and the reason is well seen in the junk-food trash that I discard. This also takes into account my personality and character because when I host my friends or family the garbage bin gets the best out of it. I think I make frequent trips to the garbage bin more than any other person around my residence. Having said that, I think am responsible and concerned about the environment. I do not handle my trash carelessly. I make sure that what needs to be recycled and what needs to be trashed goes into the right section. On the same note, I opt to support green programs whenever I shop; I do this in stores that offer such programs. In general, my refuse can tell what kind of a lifestyle I have. As it is the case so far, most of my garbage encompasses groceries shopping. Whilst I do not consider myself a spendthrift, I think I believe in enhancing

BRIC Economies and Its Implications in Organizations Essay

BRIC Economies and Its Implications in Organizations - Essay Example In 2010 South Africa was also included in this group and the acronym is now known as BRICS. It has captured major attention of political leaders, scientists and also the economists (California State Assembly, 2010). The BRICS nations are growing rapidly with a systematic growth embracing the global capitalism (Global, n.d). They are predicted to be the forefront of the world’s most progresses economies. China is now considered to be the second largest economy in the world in terms of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). Although the per capita income of people living in developed countries is more than that of the BRIC countries but still there is considerable rise in the income of the middle income group people in such countries. Since the government of such nations is actively incorporating growth stabilizing policies, it is believed that India and China will soon emerge as the leading supplier of manufactured services and goods while Russia and Brazil may be the major suppliers o f raw inputs (Academia, 2013). In the above graph the dark green bars denote the income of the BRIC countries and the light green bars indicates the income of the G 6 countries in terms of GDP. The income level of all the countries in the world will increase with a growth of the world economy. Till 2020 it is observed that the income of BRIC nations is less than half compared to that of the G6. The estimation from 2020 afterwards shows that the BRIC economies surpass half the income of that of the G 6 countries. Finally by 2040 the income of BRIC countries will be more than that of the G 6 nations (CIA, 2013).... The Five BRICS Brazil being independent in 1822 is now considered to be the most populous country in South America. It is perusing both industrial as well as agricultural growth and is now well known for its growing development within its boundaries. Brazil has become a strong economy in recent years exploiting its large natural resources and substantial labor force to work. There are still some problems like high inequality of income and hence a very excessive amount of corruption still now persists in this country. Brazil is expanding its world markets in sectors like agriculture, mining, service as well as manufacturing etc. The nation has also achieved a macroeconomic stability and has been successful to raise its foreign exchange reserves. Although Brazil has grown rapidly in 2007 to 2008 and has become a global creditor but still the recent economic recession has hit Brazil. Recession has touched Brazilian economy in two quarters. But it soon recovered its economic growth and h as now gained the confidence of investors. In 2010 the GDP of Brazil experienced 7.5% growth, which is considered to be the highest in the last 25 years. The high level of income inequality in Brazil has declined in the last 14 years. The high interest rate of the country has involved in large amount of capital inflows and hence appreciated the economy. This has however disturbed the domestic manufacturing and compelled the government to intervene in the matters related to foreign exchange markets and has also lead to rise in taxes of the capital inflows from foreign countries. India is also considered as a member of BRIC, it terms of nominal GDP it is the ninth largest country in the world and

Juliet And Her Romeo Essay Example for Free

Juliet And Her Romeo Essay â€Å"For never was there a story of more woe than this of Juliet and her Romeo†. Romeo and Juliet is a tragic love story. Whose tragedy is it? Through the metrical composition of the closing lines of the play, Shakespeare informs the audience on whose tragedy Romeo and Juliet is about. By addressing the last verse of the play to us in pyrrhic pentameter, he is suggesting a victory which has come about at too great a cost. The pace of time amplifies the tragic quality of the play. Time is used to set things in a motion that they spiral out of control. Instead of logical decisions, everything is controlled by emotions, which ultimately leads Romeo and Juliet to their path of death. However, Shakespeare’s deliberate use of pyrrhic pentameter reinforces the sound of a pyrrhic victory. Besides the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, there is something more pervasive suggested, as many characters thereafter also suffer as a consequence of this tragedy, such as the parents and Paris. Essentially, the story is Romeo and Juliet’s tragedy because they are young and pay the ultimate price for their passionate ‘true love’. The chorus tells us that the lovers are necessary sacrifices. Nothing but their death can â€Å"bury their parents’ strife†. Through the words â€Å"here’s much to do with hate, but more with love†, Shakespeare suggests how the world of the play is initially sprouted by hate between two families. So the paradox with Romeo and Juliet is how the one thing that defines them is ultimately the one thing which separates them. Not only are they victims of their families hatred, they are also victim to piteous overthrows and misguided plans which were supposed to unite them. By disregarding patriarchal imperatives and escaping to a world without parents, they place their trust in orders, such as Friar Lawrence and the Nurse. In doing that, they subject themselves to piteous overthrows. Their tragedy is that they have nowhere to turn. In an attempt to come together, the true lovers die; their love was â€Å"death-marked†. They are inexperienced and have the idealistic ardour of first love. Hence, their love is pure. The poetry of the play is written as beautifully and pure as the love it speaks of as this purity enhances the tragedy presented in the play for Romeo and Juliet. It is the parents’ tragedy in this play because of their disobedient children. Romeo and Juliet’s rebellion ultimately leads to them to their own deaths and consequently, the only succession to the Capulet and Montague’s family name is lost. Upon Juliet’s death, Capulet expresses lamentation to this loss of  succession through his words â€Å"death is my heir†. The children’s fatal flaws ultimately pave their parents’ tragedy. The children took little honour in their names and treated it as if it were a piece of clothing which they could just throw away. Juliet questions â€Å"what’s in a name?† and expresses dishonour to the significance of her family name. Juliet’s lack of pride leads her to Romeo, which ultimately leads her to death. Hence, her lack of pride is her fatal flaw. If she had pride in her name, she would not have allowed herself to love Romeo and hence, would not have died. If they did not die, the story would not have been their parent’s tragedy, as they would not have lost their children, or their successor to their family name. Of all the young men who die in the play, Paris is the greatest victim of all, because he dies from being a victim of both love and death. Essentially, Paris was not even part of the two families’ battle. Rather, he was dragged into the whole mess as a result of associations. For the other young men in the story, their tragedy had come about as a result of the ancient grudge however for Paris, he was a victim of love. He dies as a consequence of love in both ways; Romeo’s love for Juliet as well as his own love for Juliet. Paris was a nice guy who happened to get caught in someone else’s love story. As Juliet’s love for Romeo deepens, Paris is increasingly ignored by her. Hence, not only is it a tragic end for Paris in that he dies by the end of the play, but his beloved Juliet also dies and the fact that he never received Juliet’s love or attention since the start adds further depth to his tragedy. Through the use of pyrrhic pentameter, Shakespeare allows us to ‘hear’ as well as understand the pyrrhic victory taken place in the play. The constant battle between family Montague and the family Capulet is the spark which sets off the train for future misfortunes. Romeo and Juliet’s forbidden pure love is definitely a major factor which contributes to the tragedy of both these young lovers. For the parents, their children’s grave death, tragic in itself, also marks the death of their own succession to the family names. For Paris, his tragedy is bought about as a consequence of love. Ultimately, the catastrophic end to Romeo and Juliet is a t ragedy which affects everyone in the play.

Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury :: Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451

In the 1950 novel Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury presents the now familiar images of mind controlled worlds. People now live in a world where they are blinded from the truth of the present and the past. The novel is set in the, perhaps near, future where the world is in war, and firemen set fires instead of putting them out. Books and written knowledge is banned from the people, and it is the firemen’s job to burn books. Firemen are now the policemen of this time. Some people have rebelled by hiding books, but have not been very successful. Most people have conformed to this world. Guy Montag, a fireman, is a part of the majority who have conformed. Throughout the novel Montag goes through a transformation, where he changes from a Conformist to a Revolutionary. Guy Montag has never questioned his job before the day he met Clarisse McClellan. This is the first time where Montag is confronted with the idea that, he doesn’t understand the whole truth about books. Monta g meets Clarisse as he is one day walking home from work, and they strike up a conversation. During their conversation Montag is questioned why books are illegal and why firemen burn the books. She also asks him if he had ever read any of the books that he burned. His reply was that it is against the law. Clarisse even asks, "… long ago [did] firemen put fires out instead of going to start them?"(Fahrenheit 451, page 38) Montag replies by telling her that that is nonsense, and that "Houses have always been fireproof,…"(Fahrenheit 451, page 38) Here you can see how brainwashed and blinded the truth is for the people. Clarisse says good night to Montag, and right before she leaves she asks him, "Are you happy?"(Fahrenheit 451, page39) Before Montag can reply Clarisse is gone, and she leaves Montag pondering her question. As he tells himself that her question was nonsense, he starts to realize that he is not happy with his life. Someone else who changed Montag’s thinking, changed it by their actions not by tell him anything. One day the firemen got a call with an address of someone who was hiding books. The firemen, doing their job like always, went to the house to find the books and burn them. When they got there they had found the books, but when they went to burn them the person who owned the books would not leave them.

India’s Population Boon or Bane Essay

Is India’s population boon or bane This is such a topic that has left everyone with a big question mark and indeed a debatable question with India holding over one billion people, i. e. , more than a sixth of the world’s population. The reason why people are perplexed to this question is because the population can be a boon as well as a bane, it depends how one takes it, in which context. Before moving on to the answer and concepts which will determine whether a population of about 1. 8 billion is a boon or a bane, we must look at some stats and figures: it has been projected that India will be the most populous country of the world by 2025. By 2050, there will be around 9. 1 billion human beings on our planet, up from 6. 5 billion today of which 1. 6 billion will reside in India. A country’s power lies in the hand of citizens and India’s growing population can mark India’s rising power. Technology, innovation, entrepreneurial skills, savvy India’s got in tonnes but these skills itself is not going to take us to the front ranks of the world. The front ranks of the world will happen when billion plus population is empowered. China and India are the two fastest economies of the world and no one is to deny the fact that China is so far ahead right now that India’s momentum could easily get snuffed out. Looking at the history and forecasts made for India’s demography, one can say that India’s demography put her on the driver’s seat. Looking at the current scenario, half of the country’s population is younger than twenty-five. By 2020 the average age of the Indians will be 29 years compared to 37 years for China and 48 years for Japan. This makes quite clear that in coming years, the efficiency of working age group in India will be more than any other country and productivity will increase with time. By 2050, China could have 90 million people in the eighty-five year plus group but India would still be a young country. (Bahl, Superpower? 2010) However, if India fixes its urban operating model, it has the potential to reap a demographic dividend from the increase—of around 250 million expected in the next decade—in the working-age population. By 2025, nearly 28 percent of China’s inhabitants will be aged 55 or older, compared with only 16 percent in India, whose demographic profile is much more youthful. If India optimizes the productivity of its cities and maximizes their GDP, the economy could add more than 170 million urban workers to its labour force from 2005 to 2025, compared with 50 million in China over the same period. (Sankhe 2010) Population has two sides, just like the sides of a coin in a same way India’s population is boon as well as bane. This population of 1. 18 billion which is considered as so-called boon for the country is also the reason behind its stagnant growth in Human Development Index. HDI is not just the measure of the overall social growth of an economy but it is also a replica for the State to take certain economic measures to curb poverty, unemployment rate and form policies which leads to an increase in literacy rate, a balanced sex ratio and better education & health facilities in the country. Today, India is ranked 119 as per the latest UNDP report, even though it is second fastest growing economies of the world and the only reason which could be mentioned for this stagnant growth is population, because this never ending increase in population leads to high poverty rate, unemployment rate and poor literacy rate. According to estimation in 2007, poverty rate is 25% while unemployment rate stood at 10. 7%. (https://www. cia. gov/index. tml 2010) Not only had this, per capita income is estimated to be $3,100 for the year 2009, though it has increased over the last two years since 2007 but no one can deny the fact that poor has become poorer and affluent has gone wealthier with time. The increase in per capita income, in case of India, not suggests reducing social disparity but indicates an increase in the number of millionaires and billionaires in the nation. Population has become a reason for the increase in poverty as well s unemployment which for some time hinders the country’s development but slowly and slowly this very own population becomes the reason for our country’s success. More the number of people more will be the contribution in our country’s success. But what is important, high ranking in HDI or the social benefits for the lower strata of the society? The answer will be different by two different people; the one who believes in overall social development of the economy will definitely go for the latter. Government has the responsibility to cater to the needs of the general public in the society. But when it comes to population of over 1. 8 billion, it’s not that an easy job. What can government do to stop this increase in population? Apart from awareness amongst the masses, nothing, being a democratic nation it can’t impose ‘one chid norm. ’ At the same time, this population contributes to the manpower, entrepreneurial skills, capital, etc. Therefore everybody is in jeopardy, whether they should favour an increase in population or take some serious measures to prevent this increase in population. Hence, there is no end to this debate and there will be altogether different set of arguments from different individuals, religions, castes and communities. Bibliography https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html

Perception of the Bsagecon Registered Voters Students Towards the Use of Automated Election System on the Philippine National Election 2010 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2205 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/13 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? PERCEPTION OF THE BSAGECON REGISTERED VOTERS STUDENTS TOWARDS THE USE OF AUTOMATED ELECTION SYSTEM ON THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL ELECTION 2010 ANNABEL D. BALBUTIN A Mini Thesis Submitted to the College Of Business, Development Economics and Management, University Of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato, In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Subject METHODS OF RESEARCH AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS MARCH 2010 INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Philippines Elections are held in May every tree years for both national and local positions. The national positions are president, vice presidents, senators and party list representatives. Local positions are governors, vice governors, board members, mayors, vice mayors, councilors and congressman. Under the Philippine constitution, the term of office for the president, vice president and senators is six years and is timed to end on the expiration of the term of office for local officials which is three years. The election is conducted by the Commission on Election (Comelec), which is an independent constitutional body composed of a Chairperson and six commissioners. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Perception of the Bsagecon Registered Voters Students Towards the Use of Automated Election System on the Philippine National Election 2010" essay for you Create order The present generation, people became more literate especially with the use of computers. Technologies emerged to introduce many different ways of advancement. Computer machines are of these. Computers now in existence are the most powerful machines- than can do anything to people’s lives. For the first time in history the Philippines will be having an Automated Election System (AES) is a system that uses appropriate technology to accomplish such tasks as voting, counting, consolidating, canvassing, and transmission of election result and other electoral process. Republic Act. No. 369, which is the Amended Elections Automation Law? Using computers would make the election faster. With the new system, votes are tallied and transmitted electronically. Precinct level counting will be done within an hour and results available within thirty six hours such that teachers serving on the BEI’s will not have to stay up- and stay under tremendous pressure (Comelec said). The recent news approving the P 11 billion supplemental budget for the full automation of the upcoming 2010 National Elections was welcomed by many sectors in society as a big step forward towards having a more transparent and honest election. One of the challenges now is to make sure that the bidding and procurement process for the equipment and materials that will be used for poll automation will be monitored properly so as to ensure transparency. It is imperative that proper training be given to those who will run the election counting machines especially since this is the first time that we will be doing this on a national scale. Though automated elections, deals with acquiring computer, hence will cost a large amount of money, it can still cost in other expenses. One the challenges now is of to make sure that the procurement process for the equipment and materials that will be used for poll automation will be monitored so as to ensure transparency. It is imperative that proper training be given to those who will run the election counting machines especially since this is the first time that we will be doing this on a national scale. We need to remain vigilant in ensuring that we have a clean and honest election whose results will reflect the true mandate of the Filipino people. Precisely it takes many forms with the different process but how it is implemented depends on the technological facilities allocated for the election procedure Significance of the Study This study will be beneficial to the registered voters students, especially the BSAgEcon students to get information about the Automated Election System. Furthermore, it can serve as a guide for the students who will have the right to vote this coming National Election Statement of the Problem Generally the researcher would like to perceive the perception of the BSAgEcon students regarding the Automated Election System in order to appreciate and impart its application to the National Election. It aims to answer the following question. 1. What are the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents? 2. Does the student ready to adapt the Automated Election System? 3. What are the reactions of the students towards the Automated Election System? Objectives of the Study The general objectives of the study is to evaluate the applicability of the Automated Election System to the BSAgEcon registered voters students. Specifically the study aimed to: 1. Determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. 2. Determine the readiness of the students in using the Automated Election System on the Philippine National Election. 3. To know the reaction of the registered voters students towards the use of the Automated Election System. Scope and Limitation This study was confined to the selected BSAgEcon registered voters students of the College of Business Development Economics and Management, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato. The researched focused or limited to determine the readiness and the reaction of the students towards the use of Automated Election System. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The socio-demographic characteristics which are age, sex, yr. level, status, religion and family monthly income is conceptualized to be the factors which would affect the perception of the BSAgEcon registered voters towards the use of Automated Election System. METHODOLOGY Research Design The research utilizes the Descriptive type of research. The purpose of which is to determine and describe the characteristic of some variables in the study. Percentage, frequencies and averages were used to determine and describe the characteristics of variables. Locale of the Study The study was conducted at the College of Business Development Economics and Management, of University of Southern Mindanao (USM), main campus, Kabacan, Cotabato particularly in the Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Economics registered voters students. Respondents of the Study There were 30 respondents who are picked randomly to test the applicability of the Automated Election System to the students. Sample Size and Sampling Techniques There are 30 respondents were interviewed for the survey. Since some the respondents is hard to find, the researcher use the Purposive sampling were the most available respondents were intentionally chosen. Research Instrument The researcher used and interview guide in interviewing the respondents to be able to gather the necessary data. The researcher set the interview with the respondents in their available time. Methods of Collecting Data The questionnaire was distributed to BSAgEcon registered voters students of College of Business Development Economics and Management, and gave them time to answer the questionnaire. Afterwards, the researcher collected the questionnaire. Data Gathered The data gathered in the study included the following: the socio-demographic characteristics of the BSAgEcon registered voters students. The readiness, problems and the reaction encountered by the students towards the application of Automated Election System this coming Philippine National Election 2010. Data Analysis Descriptive analysis was used in the study which includes frequency counts, average, and percentage distribution. The data were analyzed to the Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Economics, College of Business Development Economics and Management, University of Southern Mindanao. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Socio-demographic Characteristics of the Respondents. Table 1 presents the socio- demographic characteristics of the 30 BSAgEcon registered voters students of the College of Business Development and Management, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato. The data revealed that the average age of the respondents was about 20 years old, 11 (36. 67%) are male and 19(63. 33%) were female. Thirteen (43. 33) of the respondents claimed they are Roman Catholics; 10 (33. 33%) are Islam and 7(23. 33%) are Protestant. The findings imply that the respondents were predominantly Roman Catholics and Islam. Twenty-nine(96. 67%) respondents are single, and 1 (3. 33%) is married. Twenty-six (96. 67%) are 2nd yr. students, 3(10%) were 3rd yr. students, and 1 (33. 33%) is 4th yr. In terms of Family Monthly Income, 16(53. 33% ) of the respondents belong to the family monthly income bracket of 3000-5000,10(33. 33%) are within the bracket of 5000-10000,3(10%) belong to the bracket of 10000-15000, and 1 (3. 33%) belong to the bracket of 150000-200000. Table 1. Socio -demographic characteristics of the respondents. VariablesFrequencyPercentageAverage (n=30) (%) Sex Male1136. 67 Female1963. 33 Religion Catholic1343. 33 Islam1033. 33 Protestant723. 33 Age20 Civil Status Single29 Married13. 33 Year Level 2nd yr. 2686. 67 3rd yr. 310 4th yr. 13. 33 Table 1. Continuation†¦ VariablesFrequencyPercentageAverage (n=30) (%) Family Monthly Income 3000-50001653. 33 5000-100001033. 33 10000-15000310 15000-2000013. 33 Readiness of the BSAgEcon registered voters in the Automated Election System. Table 2 shows that 28(93. 33%) are in favor to use the Automated Election System, 27(90%) claimed that they are ready to adapt the Automated Election System this coming Philippine National Election 2010. 7(90%) of the respondents like computers, 24(80%) of the respondents undergone subjects or lesson regarding computer operating, 23(76. 67%) of the 30 BSAgEcon respondents claimed that they had an experienced or knowledge in using or manipulating the computers, 22(73. 33%) of the respondents are prepared in the application of the system, 20(67%) are comfortable to use the Automated Election System, 1 7(57%) claimed that they had difficulties in using computers, and 14(47%) of the respondents claimed that its not easy for them to use the system. Table 2. The readiness of the BSAgEcon registered voters’ students in the Automated Election System . Reasons FrequencyPercentageAverage (n=30) (%) †¢ favor2893. 33 †¢ like computers2790 †¢ ready2790 †¢ undergone subjects in computer2480 †¢ experience /knowledge2376. 67 †¢ prepared2273. 33 †¢ comfortable2067 †¢ difficulties 1757 †¢ hard1447 Reaction of the BSAgEcon registered voter’s students towards the application of Automated Election System on the Philippine National Election 2010. Table 3 shows that 24(80%) of the respondents are in favor in using the Automated Election System for the National Election. The reasons of the respondents that make them in favor in the Automated Election System are as follows: ? Very easy, fast and accessible. ? Accurate. Those who have the opinions that are not favor 6(20%), and the reasons are: ? Too expensive. ? Not yet proven. ? Not yet ready to adapt the system for the National Election. Table 3. Also reveals that twenty-two (73. 33%) of the respondents believes that there is a need to use the Automated Counting Machine. The reasons of the respondents to make them feel that there is a need to use the Automated Counting Machine are as follows: †¢ Modernized. More easy and accurate. †¢ More secured and enjoys using. Eight (26. 67%) of the respondents have the opinions that there is no need for the voters to vote through the use of Automated Machine. The reasons for them to decide that there is no need for the voters to vote through computers are as follows. †¢ Difficult to use †¢ Afraid †¢ Don’t like computers †¢ N ot yet prepared Table 3. The reaction of the BSAgEcon students towards the Automated Election System StatementsFrequencyPercentageAverage (n=30) (%) favor 2480 need to use the ACM 22 73. 33 Automated Counting Machine) Table 4. Advantages of the Automated Election System as Perceived by Respondents. The advantages of the Automated Election System as perceived by respondents are presented in Table 4. Fifteen (50%)indicated that it is easy, 8(26. 67%) believed that it is more fast, 3(3. 33%) answered that it is secure to use, 1(3. 33%) shows that it is more organize and 1(3. 33%) claimed that it is better to use it, for us to learn how to vote through computers. Table 4. Advantages of the Automated Election System as Perceived by BSAgEcon Respondents. March 2010 REASONS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (n=30)(%) a. easy15 50 b. fast8 26. 67 c. secure to use3 3. 33 d. more organize1 3. 33 e. to learn 1 3. 33 Table 5. Disadvantages of the Automated Election System as Perceived by BSAgEcon Respondents. The disadvantages of the Automated Election System as perceived by respondents are presented in Table 5. Eleven (36. 67%) indicated that using the Automated Election System is too expensive, 10(33. 33%) believes that some errors may occur, 8(26. 67%) claimed that it is hard to use the machine, 2(6. 7%) answered that it is not secure. Table 5. Disadvantages of the Automated Election System as Perceived by BSAgEcon Respondents. March 2010 REASONS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (n=30)(%) 1. too expensive1136. 67 2. errors may occur1033. 33 3. not secure2 6. 67 Additional data were gathered according to the number of Election system that is more advantageous. 18 (60%) thinks that the Automated Counting Machine is more advantageous and some of the reasons are as it is safe and secure, errors may not occur, and it has more high securities. 2 (40%) claimed that the ballot boxes is what they want to use as the system for the coming national election, and some of the reasons are it is familiar to the voters, and it is traditional. QUESTIONNAIRE Part I. Socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents Name: ______________________ Course Yr. :_________________ Age:____ Sex: ( ) Male ( ) Female Status: ( ) Single ( ) Married ( ) Widower Religion: ( ) Roman Catholic ( ) Islam ( ) Iglesia ni Cristo Others pls. specify_________ Family Monthly Income Family Monthly Income ( )3000-5000 ( )5000-10000 ( )10000-15000 ( )15000-20000 )20000-30000 Others pls. specify__________ Part II. The readiness of the BSAgEcon registered voter’s students in the Automated Election System. Instruction: Below are the statements regarding the Automated Election System. Please check the box that corresponds to your choice. Yes No 1. Do you have any experience or knowledge in using? 2. Have you undergone any subjects or lesson regarding computer operating? 3. Is it difficult for you to vote through computers? 4. Do you like using computers? 5. Are you comfortable using computers? 6. Would it hard for you to vote through computers? . Are you in favor in Automated Election System? 8. Are you prepared` for such adaptation to technology? 9. As a registered voters, are you ready to use computer system this coming National Election? Part III. The reaction of the BSAgEcon registered voter’s students towards the use of Automated Election System Instruction: Please shade the oval that corresponds to your choice. Yes No 1. Are you in favor in Automated Election System? Why? ____________________________________________________________ __ ____________________________________________________________ __ 2. In your own opinion, do we need to use the Automated Election System? Why? ____________________________________________________________ ___ ____________________________________________________________ ___ 3. What do you think the advantages of Automated Election System? ____________________________________________________________ ___ ____________________________________________________________ ___ 4. What do you think the disadvantages of the Automated Election System? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________ 5. What Election System do you think is more advantageous, the Automated Counting Machine or the ballot boxes? ____________________________________________________________ _____ ____________________________________________________________ ___________ ___________________________________________________________ _ ___________ [pic] Socio-demographic factor -age -sex -yr. level -status -religion -family income Perception Applicability of The Automated Election System